What is a statement that can be proven called?

A statement that can be proven is referred to as a fact. Facts are objective pieces of information that can be verified through evidence, observation, or research. They represent reality and do not depend on personal beliefs or feelings. For instance, stating that "Virginia is a state in the United States" is a fact because it can be confirmed through various sources such as maps, government records, and educational resources.

In contrast, an opinion is a personal belief or judgment that may or may not be based on facts, and it cannot be universally proven as true. An assumption is something taken for granted without proof, suggesting it might not have a reliable basis. A theory, while often based on factual evidence, is a well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world that can still be subject to testing and revision, thus isn't a definitive statement that can be proven in the same way a fact can.