What term describes people with certain rights and duties under a government?

The correct term that describes people with certain rights and duties under a government is "Citizens." In a civic context, citizens are individuals who are recognized as members of a state or nation and possess specific legal rights and responsibilities, which may include voting, paying taxes, obeying laws, and participating in civic duties. This concept of citizenship is foundational to democratic societies, where it emphasizes the relationship between individuals and their government.

While voters are a subset of citizens who participate in elections, not all citizens may have the right to vote, particularly in certain age or legal status contexts. Residents are individuals who live in a particular area but may not have the full legal status or rights of citizenship. Subjects refer primarily to individuals under the authority of a monarchy or a sovereign state without the recognition of equal rights, which contrasts with the modern understanding of citizenship that emphasizes rights and active participation in governance. Thus, "Citizens" is the most accurate term that encompasses individuals with specific rights and responsibilities in a democratic governmental structure.