What term is used for the system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units?

The term for a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units is federalism. This system allows for a distribution of responsibilities and powers, where both the central government and the individual states or provinces can enact and enforce laws. Under federalism, each level of government operates independently within its own realm of authority, while still being part of a larger national framework. This shared power can help to balance the needs and interests of different regions within the nation, allowing for local autonomy while maintaining a cohesive national policy. Federalism can often lead to a more diverse and adaptable governance structure, as local governments can tailor their laws and regulations to fit the unique circumstances of their constituencies.