What type of government is characterized by direct participation of the populace in decision making?

The correct answer is democracy because it is fundamentally defined by the active involvement of citizens in the decision-making processes that affect their lives and governance. In a democracy, the populace has the power to vote on various issues, including laws and policies, either directly or through elected representatives. This system allows for a government that is reflective of the will of the people, promoting accountability and public participation.

In contrast, a theocracy is a government system in which religious leaders control political authority, and laws are based on religious rules rather than the people's choices. Meritocracy is based on the belief that power should be given to individuals based on their abilities and talents rather than popular vote, thereby limiting the broader public's direct participation. Aristocracy refers to a form of government in which power is held by a small group of elite individuals, often based on noble birth or wealth, which excludes the general populace from meaningful participation in governance.