Which entity has the authority to call a convention to propose amendments to the U.S. Constitution?

The authority to call a convention to propose amendments to the U.S. Constitution is vested in the states. This process is outlined in Article V of the Constitution, which states that amendments can be proposed either by a two-thirds vote in both houses of Congress or by a convention called for by two-thirds of the state legislatures. This mechanism allows states to play a crucial role in the amendment process, emphasizing the federal structure of the United States where both the national and state governments can initiate changes to the Constitution.

The other entities mentioned do not have this specific power. The Supreme Court interprets the Constitution but does not have the authority to initiate amendments. The President may suggest amendments but cannot unilaterally call a convention for that purpose. Congress can propose amendments but only through its legislative process and not through a convention called by states. Thus, the option highlighting the states accurately reflects the designated authority as per the Constitution.