Which term refers to the process of citizens casting their votes?

The process of citizens casting their votes is accurately referred to as voting. Voting is a fundamental aspect of democracy, as it allows citizens to express their preferences for candidates and policies during elections. This act directly influences the formation of government and the implementation of laws reflecting the will of the people.

In contrast, apathy describes a lack of interest or enthusiasm, which is not related to voting itself. Participation generally encompasses broader engagement in civic activities, including but not limited to voting; it refers to overall involvement in the political process. Electioneering involves the activities undertaken to influence the outcome of an election, such as campaigning and mobilizing voters, but it does not specifically refer to the act of casting a vote. Thus, voting is the most precise term that directly captures the action of citizens exercising their right to choose their representatives and voice their opinions on governance.